Naples (Italian Napoli, Neapolitan Napule, from Greek ??? ????? – Na Plis – meaning “New City”) is the largest city in southern Italy and capital of Campania Region. The city has a population of about 1 million, and together with its suburbs, the metropolitan area has 3.7 million inhabitants (Neapolitans). It is located just halfway between the Vesuvius volcano and another unrelated volcanic area, the Campi Flegrei.
It is rich in historical, artistic and cultural traditions and gastronomy. Neapolitan is a language in its own right, known in Naples as Napulitano.
History
The city was founded by inhabitants of the Greek colony of Cuma, around the eighth century B.C.. For this reason it was named Neapolis (from Greek, meaning New City). Its buildings, museums and even the language spoken by natives bear traces of all periods of its history, from its Greek birth, until the present day. Although conquered by the Romans in the 4th century BC, it long retained its Greek culture.
It was in Naples, in the ‘Castel dell’Ovo’ (Castle of the Egg), that Romulus Augustus, the last Emperor of the Western Roman Empire, was imprisoned after being deposed in 476. In the sixth century, Naples was conquered by the Byzantines during the attempt of Justinian I to recreate the Roman Empire, and was one of the last duchies to fall in Norman hands in 1039, as they founded the Kingdom of Sicily.
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