Warsaw : Poland
Climate
Warsaw’s climate is continental humid. The average temperature is 8 degrees Celsius (3 C in January and 19 C in July). Yearly rainfall averages 680 mm, the most rainy month being July.
History
Warsaw was a small fishing village in the 13th century. In time, it became one of the seats of the Dukes of Masovia. Upon the extinction of the ducal line, the duchy was incorporated into the Kingdom of Poland in 1526. In 1572, Warsaw gave its name to the Warsaw Confederacy, an agreement by the Polish gentry to tolerate different religious faiths in the Kingdom of Poland.
Due to its central location between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth’s capitals of Vilna and Cracow, Warsaw became the capital of Poland in 1596, when King Sigismund III (Vasa) moved the capital from Krakw. Warsaw remained the capital of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth until 1795, when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia, to become the capital of the Province New East Prussia. Liberated by Napoleon’s army in 1807, it was made the capital of the newly created Duchy of Warsaw. Following the decisions of the Congress of Vienna of 1815, Warsaw became the center of the Polish Kingdom, a constitutional monarchy under a personal union with Imperial Russia.
Following repeated violations of the Polish constitution by the Russians, the 1830 November Uprising broke out. However, the Polish-Russian war of 1831 ended in the defeat of the uprising and the curtailment of the autonomy of the Kingdom.
